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同等學(xué)力申碩英語(yǔ)閱讀理解習(xí)題與答案 1
Astronaut Jim Voss has enjoyed many memorable moments in his career，including three space flights and one space walk. But he recalls with special fondness a decidedly earthbound (為地球所吸引)experience in the summer of 1980，when he participated in the NASA-ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. Voss then a science teacher at West Point，was assigned to the Marshall Space Flight Center’s propulsion(推進(jìn))lab in Alabama to analyze why a hydraulic fuel pump on the space shuttle was working so well when previous seals had failed. It was a seemingly tiny problem among the vast complexities of running the space program. Yet it was important to NASA because any crack in the seal could have led to destructive results for the astronauts who relied on them.
“I worked a bit with NASA engineers，”says Voss，“but I did it mostly by analysis. I used a handheld calculator，not a computer，to do a thermodynamic(熱力學(xué)的)analysis.”At the end of the summer，he，like the other NASA-ASEE fellows working at Marshall，summarized his f’indings in a formal presentation and detailed paper. It was a valuable moment for Voss because the ASEE program gave him added understanding of NASA，deepened his desire to fly in space，and intensified his application for astronaut status.
It was not an easy process. Voss was actually passed over when he first applied for the astronaut program in 1978. Over the next nine years he reapplied repeatedly，and was finally accepted in 1987. Since then he has participated in three space mission. The 50-year-old Army officer，who fives in Huston，is now in training for a four-month mission as a crew member on the International Space Station starting in July 2000.
Voss says the ASEE program is wonderful for all involved.“It brings in people from the academic world and gives NASA a special property for a particular period of time. It brings some fresh eyes and fresh ideas to NASA，and establishes a link with our colleges and universities，”Voss explains，“There’s an exchange of information and an exchange of perspectives that is very important.”
For the academic side，Voss says，the ASEE program also“brings institutions of higher learning more insight into new technology. We give them an opportunity to work on real-world problems and take it back to the classroom.”
1.Why was the hydraulic fuel pump seal important for the space shuttle?
A. Because previous seals all failed.
B. Because it was very complex in running the space program.
C. Because great care has to be taken of the hydraulic fuel pump sealing.
D. Because any crack in the seals would cause disastrous results for the astronauts.
2.The great significance of Voss’s findings lies in .
Ⅰ. strengthening his determination to join in space flights
�、�. furthering his understanding of NASA
�、�. consolidating his astronaut status in NASA programs
A. Ⅰ only. B. Ⅱ only.
C. Ⅰ，Ⅱ and Ⅲ all included.D. Ⅰ and Ⅱ only.
3.How many flights will Voss have finished if his Four-month mission starting in July 2000 ends up successfully?
A. Three.B. Two.C. Four.D. Five.
4.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to what Voss said on the ASEE program?
A. Fresh members from the academic world participate in the program.
B. The program brings new outlooks to NASA space programs.
C. It is important for the space scientists to exchange information and perspectives.
D. American colleges and universities are a special property of NASA.
5.What does Voss want to stress in the last paragraph?
A. The technological significance of the program.
B. The educational significance of the program.
C. The philosophical significance of the program.
D. The historical significance of the program.
【答案解析】：
宇航員吉姆·沃斯的太空事業(yè)中有很多難忘的時(shí)刻，包括三次太空飛行和一次太空行走。但是，在他記憶中，讓他尤其高興的是1980年夏天的那次被地球引力所吸引的經(jīng)歷。那時(shí)他參加了NASA-ASEE組織的夏季技能協(xié)作項(xiàng)目。沃斯那時(shí)是西點(diǎn)軍校的一名科學(xué)教師，他被分配到位于阿拉巴馬州的馬歇爾太空飛行中心的推進(jìn)器實(shí)驗(yàn)室，去分析為什么當(dāng)之前的密封墊無(wú)法正常工作時(shí)，航天飛機(jī)上的液壓燃料的密封墊卻工作得如此順利。看上去，這對(duì)于運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)一項(xiàng)龐大而復(fù)雜的太空計(jì)劃工作是個(gè)很小的問(wèn)題。但是，對(duì)于美國(guó)航空與宇航局來(lái)說(shuō)卻十分重要，因?yàn)槊芊鈮|上的任何裂縫都可能給依賴它們的宇航員帶來(lái)災(zāi)難性的后果。
“我與NASA的工程師們有過(guò)一些合作，”沃斯說(shuō)，“但是，我主要通過(guò)分析工作。我使用手提計(jì)算器而不是電腦進(jìn)行熱力學(xué)分析�！蹦莻�(gè)夏末，他同一起在馬歇爾工作的其他NASA-ASEE的同事們，以正式的報(bào)告和詳細(xì)的論文總結(jié)了他的發(fā)現(xiàn)。對(duì)于沃斯來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一個(gè)很有意義的時(shí)刻，因?yàn)锳SEE計(jì)劃使他對(duì)NASA有了更多的了解，加深了他想到太空飛行的愿望，讓他更想申請(qǐng)當(dāng)一名宇航員。
這不是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的過(guò)程。1978年當(dāng)沃斯第一次申請(qǐng)參加宇航計(jì)劃時(shí)，他的申請(qǐng)表被置之不理。接下來(lái)的九年里，他反復(fù)申請(qǐng)，到1987年時(shí)終于被接受了。從那時(shí)起，他已經(jīng)參與了三次太空任務(wù)。這位50歲的官員居住在休斯敦，現(xiàn)在正在接受訓(xùn)練，他將作為國(guó)際空間站的一名成員執(zhí)行一個(gè)開(kāi)始時(shí)間為2000年7月，為期四個(gè)月的任務(wù)。
沃斯說(shuō)，ASEE計(jì)劃對(duì)于所有參與的人來(lái)說(shuō)都是非常棒的�！霸谝粋�(gè)特定的時(shí)期，該計(jì)劃引進(jìn)了學(xué)術(shù)界的人士，這給NASA帶來(lái)了一筆特殊的財(cái)富。它給NASA帶來(lái)了一些新觀念和新思想，使得NASA與大專院校建立了聯(lián)系，”沃斯解釋說(shuō)，“這使他們之間可以進(jìn)行重要的信息和觀點(diǎn)的交流�！�
沃斯說(shuō)，對(duì)于學(xué)術(shù)界來(lái)說(shuō)，ASEE計(jì)劃也使高等學(xué)府對(duì)新技術(shù)有了更多的了解，我們?yōu)樗麄兲峁┝私鉀Q現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題的機(jī)會(huì)，并將這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)帶回到課堂。
1.【正確答案】D
【考點(diǎn)類型】細(xì)節(jié)判斷
【解析過(guò)程】液壓燃料的密封墊對(duì)于太空飛船非常重要是因?yàn)槭裁?
A. 早期的密封全都失效了。
B. 因?yàn)檫\(yùn)行太空項(xiàng)目是非常復(fù)雜的。
C. 因?yàn)槿藗儗?duì)于液壓燃料的密封墊非常關(guān)注。
D. 因?yàn)槿魏我簤喝剂系拿芊鈮|的破壞都會(huì)給宇航員帶來(lái)致命的災(zāi)難。
線索：文章的第1段提到“Yet it was important to NASA because any crack in the seal could have led to destructive results for the astronauts who relied on them.”表明答案D為正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)A和B在原文的第1段都提到了，但和題干沒(méi)有直接的因果關(guān)系，屬于所問(wèn)非所答。而選項(xiàng)D在原文中也是沒(méi)有提到的。
【考點(diǎn)提示】解答任何問(wèn)題都必須能夠找到原文的線索詞，可以從兩個(gè)方面入手：①?gòu)奈恼碌慕Y(jié)構(gòu)入手，在讀文章的時(shí)候就關(guān)注一些關(guān)鍵詞，如yet，but，however等相關(guān)的詞;②從問(wèn)題的題干入手，抓住關(guān)鍵詞返回原文尋找關(guān)鍵的信息線索。
2.【正確答案】D
【考點(diǎn)類型】段落綜合判斷
【解析過(guò)程】沃斯發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要意義在于 。
�、�. 加強(qiáng)了他決心參加到太空的航行
�、�. 加強(qiáng)他對(duì)于NASA的理解
�、�. 穩(wěn)固了他在NASA項(xiàng)目中宇航員的.地位
A. 僅僅Ⅰ正確B. 僅僅Ⅱ正確
C.Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ全都正確D.Ⅰ，Ⅱ全都正確
線索：文章的第2段提到“It was a valuable moment for Voss because the ASEE program gave him added understanding of NASA，deepened his desire to fly in space，and intensified his application for astronaut status.“表明選項(xiàng)D是正確答案。選項(xiàng)Ⅲ和原文中的信息“讓他更想申請(qǐng)當(dāng)名宇航員”不符合。
【考點(diǎn)提示】解答細(xì)節(jié)題必須拿選項(xiàng)和原文的信息進(jìn)行對(duì)照，基本上出題老師都是對(duì)原文的信息進(jìn)行改寫，同義詞替換或句型替換，所以建議同學(xué)們?cè)诜g部分要加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)句子結(jié)構(gòu)之間相互轉(zhuǎn)換的能力，比如：被動(dòng)句和主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換，雙重否定句到肯定句的轉(zhuǎn)換等。
3.【正確答案】C
【考點(diǎn)類型】數(shù)字計(jì)算
【解析過(guò)程】如果沃斯2000年7月開(kāi)始的為期4個(gè)月任務(wù)最終取得成功，他就將已經(jīng)完成多少次的飛行任務(wù)?
A. 3次B. 2次C. 4次D. 5次
線索：文章的第3段提到“Since then he has participated in three space mission.”和2000年7月的任務(wù)相加得出正確答案C。
【考點(diǎn)提示】數(shù)字計(jì)算題相對(duì)來(lái)講是比較容易的一種題型，要求同學(xué)們?cè)诶斫庠木唧w細(xì)節(jié)的基礎(chǔ)之上進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)算，一般是加減法運(yùn)算。錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的設(shè)計(jì)往往是把原文有的數(shù)字直接提出來(lái)，迷惑大家。
4.【正確答案】D
【考點(diǎn)類型】細(xì)節(jié)判斷
【解析過(guò)程】根據(jù)沃斯在ASEE項(xiàng)目中說(shuō)的，下面哪句話是錯(cuò)誤的?
A. 來(lái)自于學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域的新成員參加該項(xiàng)目。
B. 項(xiàng)目將給NASA太空項(xiàng)目帶來(lái)新的前景。
C. 交流信息的觀點(diǎn)對(duì)于太空科學(xué)家非常重要。
D. 美國(guó)學(xué)院和大學(xué)是NASA的一個(gè)特殊財(cái)產(chǎn)。
線索：文章的第4段提到“It brings in people from the academic world and gives NASA a special property for a particular period of time.”表明僅僅是在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，該項(xiàng)目給NASA提供了一個(gè)特殊的財(cái)產(chǎn)(美國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)界)，所以選項(xiàng)D是對(duì)原文信息的擴(kuò)大化，或者把原文的信息絕對(duì)化了。
【考點(diǎn)提示】根據(jù)題目的順序和原文的段落對(duì)應(yīng)，然后再進(jìn)行對(duì)照，選擇出正確答案。還是上邊提到的，出題的老師就是利用同義詞替換等一些方法迷惑同學(xué)們，這其實(shí)是閱讀的一個(gè)基本功。另外，有的選項(xiàng)比較絕對(duì)化而且不符合常識(shí)，那么該選項(xiàng)就不會(huì)是正確答案。
5.【正確答案】B
【考點(diǎn)類型】主旨推論
【解析過(guò)程】沃斯在最后一段強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么?
A. 項(xiàng)目的技術(shù)重要性。 B. 項(xiàng)目的教育重要性。
C. 項(xiàng)目的哲學(xué)意義上的重要作用。D. 項(xiàng)目的歷史意義。
線索：文章的第5段提到“brings institutions of higher learning more insight into new technology. We give them an opportunity to work on real-world problems and take it back to the classroom.”表明選項(xiàng)B是正確答案。其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)是原文沒(méi)有提到的。D選項(xiàng)比較具有迷惑性，從常識(shí)講“歷史意義”可能是對(duì)的，但文章沒(méi)有提到，所以是不正確的。
【考點(diǎn)提示】緊扣原文的信息對(duì)比、審查、判斷，才能最終保證得出正確的答案。而且，要注意看似正確的選項(xiàng)，原文沒(méi)有提到是一定不可以選擇的，正確答案必須有它的出處。
同等學(xué)力申碩英語(yǔ)閱讀理解習(xí)題與答案 2
Visual impairment(視覺(jué)障礙)carries with it a reduced or restricted ability to travel through one’s physical and social environment until adequate orientation and mobility skills have been established. Because observational skills are more limited，self-control within the immediate surroundings is limited. The visually impaired person is less able to anticipate hazardous situations or obstacles to avoid.
Orientation refers to the mental map one has of one’s surroundings and to the relationship between self and that environment. The mental map is best generated by moving through the environment and piecing together relationships，object by object，in an organized approach. With little or no visual feedback to reinforce this mental map，a visually impaired person must rely on memory for key landmarks and other clues. Landmarks and clues enable visually impaired persons to affirm their position in Space.
Mobility，on the other hand，is the ability to travel safely and efficiently from one point to another within one’s physical and social environment. Good orientation skills are necessary to good mobility skills. Once visually impaired students learn to travel safely as pedestrians(行人)they also need to learn to use public transportation to become as independent as possible.
To meet the expanding needs and demands of the visually impaired person，there is a sequence of instruction that begins during the preschool years and may continue after high school. Many visually impaired children lack adequate concepts regarding time and space or objects and events in their environment. During the early years much attention is focused on the development of some fundamental concepts，such as inside or outside，in front of or behind，fast or slow，movement of traffic，the variety or intersections，elevators or escalators，and so forth. These concepts are essential to safe，efficient travel through familiar and unfamiliar settings，first within buildings，then in residential neighborhoods，and finally in business communities.
1.How can we increase the visually impaired person’s ability to travel through his physical and social environment?
A. By helping him develop adequate orientation and mobility skills.
B. By teaching him to learn observational skills.
C. By warning him of hazardous situations or obstacles.
D. By improving his visual ability.
2.The visually impaired person’s position in space .
A. is not determined by memory but by physical landmarks and clues
B. is located in relation to other items in his mental map
C. enables him to construct the mental map
D. reinforces the mental map of his surroundings
3.Mobility skills which the visually impaired person is learning refer to the ability .
A. to travel as a dependent tourist
B. to travel as a pedestrian and a passenger
C. to travel as a pedestrian with a company
D. to travel within the safe physical and social environment
4.In the passage，the author insists that .
A. visually impaired children go to school for survival
B. the needs and demands of visually impaired children expand
C. visually impaired children acquire the fundamental concepts for safe mobility
D. preschool children receive the instruction in the concepts of time and space or objects and events
5.What is the author mainly talking about in the passage?
A. Visual impairment and memory.
B. The visually impaired person’s physical and social environment.
C. Mental development of the visually impaired person.
D. Orientation and mobility of the visually impaired person.
【答案解析】：
有視覺(jué)障礙的人如果沒(méi)有掌握足夠的定位和移動(dòng)技能，他們?cè)谧匀缓蜕鐣?huì)環(huán)境中的行走能力會(huì)減弱或受到限制。因?yàn)樵谂R近的環(huán)境中的自控能力受到限制，觀察能力就更加受到限制，有視覺(jué)障礙的人不能預(yù)見(jiàn)應(yīng)該避免的危險(xiǎn)情況或障礙。
定位指的是一個(gè)人根據(jù)自己周圍的環(huán)境以及他自身與這一環(huán)境的關(guān)系在大腦中形成的一張腦部圖。通過(guò)在環(huán)境中移動(dòng)，將環(huán)境中各個(gè)物體之間的關(guān)系一個(gè)一個(gè)地聯(lián)系起來(lái)，就能夠最好地形成這種腦部地圖。很少或根本沒(méi)有視覺(jué)反饋來(lái)加強(qiáng)這種腦部地圖的話，有視覺(jué)障礙的人就必須依靠對(duì)關(guān)鍵性地標(biāo)的記憶和其他線索。地標(biāo)和線索使有視覺(jué)障礙的人能夠確定他的位置和空間。
另外，移動(dòng)指的是一個(gè)人在自然和社會(huì)環(huán)境中安全、有效地從一點(diǎn)向另一點(diǎn)行走的能力。良好的定位技能對(duì)良好的移動(dòng)技能是必要的。一旦有視覺(jué)障礙的學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)像行人一樣安全行走，他還需要學(xué)會(huì)使用公共交通工具，以便盡可能地獨(dú)立。
為了滿足有視覺(jué)障礙者不斷增長(zhǎng)的'需求，人們制訂了一系列的培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃，這種培訓(xùn)開(kāi)始于學(xué)前階段并持續(xù)到中學(xué)畢業(yè)。許多有視覺(jué)障礙的兒童對(duì)其環(huán)境中的空間或物體以及事件缺少適當(dāng)?shù)母拍睢Ｔ谠缙陔A段，培訓(xùn)的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該放在一些基本概念的學(xué)習(xí)上，比如里或外、前或后、交通工具運(yùn)行得快或慢、線路變化或交叉路口、電梯或自動(dòng)扶梯等。這些概念對(duì)安全、有效地穿行于熟悉或不熟悉的環(huán)境至關(guān)重要，首先是有關(guān)建筑物內(nèi)的概念，然后是有關(guān)其住宅區(qū)附近的概念，最后是有關(guān)商業(yè)區(qū)的概念。
1.【正確答案】A
【考點(diǎn)類型】細(xì)節(jié)判斷
【解析過(guò)程】我們?nèi)绾文軒椭切┯幸曈X(jué)障礙的人提高他們?cè)谥車沫h(huán)境中的能力?
A. 幫助他們發(fā)展充分的定位和移動(dòng)的技能。
B. 教給他們學(xué)習(xí)觀察的技能。
C. 警告他們危險(xiǎn)的環(huán)境和障礙。
D. 提高他們的視覺(jué)能力。
線索：文章的第1段提到“Visual impairment(視覺(jué)障礙)carries with it a reduced or restricted ability to travel through one’s physical and social environment until adequate orientation and mobility skills have been established.”表明A是正確答案。選項(xiàng)B和選項(xiàng)C是問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的原因，而不是解決該問(wèn)題的辦法。
2.【正確答案】B
【考點(diǎn)類型】細(xì)節(jié)判斷
【解析過(guò)程】有視覺(jué)障礙的人在空間的位置 。
A. 不是被記憶力而是被身體特征和線索所決定
B. 通過(guò)他腦部圖中的其他事物關(guān)系定位
C. 使他能夠形成腦部圖
D. 強(qiáng)化他有關(guān)周圍環(huán)境的腦部圖
線索：文章的第2段提到“Orientation refers to the mental map one has of one’s surroundings and to the relationship between self and that environment. The mental map is best generated by moving.”表明選項(xiàng)B是正確答案。選項(xiàng)A和原文的第2段“...a visually impaired person must rely on memory for key landmarks and other clues. Landmarks and clues...”相反。
3.【正確答案】D
【考點(diǎn)類型】細(xì)節(jié)判斷
【解析過(guò)程】有視覺(jué)障礙的人學(xué)習(xí)的移動(dòng)技能指的是 。
A. 作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立旅行家旅行的技能
B. 作為一個(gè)行人和乘客行走的能力
C. 作為一個(gè)帶同伴的行人行走的能力
D. 在安全的自然和社會(huì)環(huán)境下行走的能力
線索：文章的第3段提到“Mobility，on the other hand，is the ability to travel safely and efficiently from one point to another within one’s physical and social environment.”表明選項(xiàng)D是正確答案。
4.【正確答案】D
【考點(diǎn)類型】細(xì)節(jié)判斷
【解析過(guò)程】本文作者強(qiáng)調(diào) 。
A. 有視覺(jué)障礙的孩子為了生存應(yīng)該上學(xué)
B. 視覺(jué)上的需求損害了兒童的發(fā)展
C. 有視覺(jué)障礙的人獲得基本的安全移動(dòng)的概念
D. 學(xué)齡前的兒童應(yīng)該得到有關(guān)時(shí)間、空間或事物等概念的培訓(xùn)
線索：文章的第4段提到“...These concepts are essential to safe，efficient travel through familiar and unfamiliar settings...”表明選項(xiàng)D是正確答案。
5.【正確答案】D
【考點(diǎn)類型】主旨判斷
【解析過(guò)程】本文作者主要談?wù)摰氖?。
A. 視覺(jué)障礙和記憶力
B. 視覺(jué)障礙的人的自然和社會(huì)環(huán)境
C. 視覺(jué)障礙的人的智力發(fā)展
D. 有視覺(jué)障礙的人的定位和移動(dòng)
從整體上看，文章討論了視覺(jué)障礙的人的方位確定和移動(dòng)。
同等學(xué)力申碩英語(yǔ)閱讀理解習(xí)題與答案 3
Mr Brown was born in a poor family.He couldn’t go to school when he was young.Now he’s a porter[1] and works at a station.He doesn’t think it’s necessary[2] to know some knowledge[3] of science.His son,Bill,began to go to school last year.The boy likes nothing except playing.He doesn’t listen to the teachers in class and can’t do his homework after class.It’s the hardest thing for him to do maths exercises.And he wants to drop it.
Last evening Mrs Brown heard Bill crying in the next room while she and her husband were watching TV.She came up to him and asked,“What’s the matter,Bill?”
“I can’t do my maths homework,”said the boy.“I won’t go to school tomorrow!
“No,no,don’t do that!”said the woman.“Maybe your father can help you.”
Then she asked her husband to help their son with his maths.Mr Brown said,“But I don’t know maths,either.”
“It doesn’t matter,”said his wife.“You’ll only coax him out of crying.”
Mr Brown had to do as his wife said.The next afternoon Bill came back and showed his exercise?book to his father.The man had a look at it and shouted to his wife,“Come here quickly,dear!I got an A in maths!”
Notes:[1]porter /`pt/n.搬運(yùn)工 [2]necessary/`nesIsrI/adj.必要的 [3]knowledge/`nlId/n.知識(shí)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案。
1.Which of the following is true?
A.Mr Brown was going to be a porter when he was young.
B.Mr Brown’s parents were too poor to send him to school.
C.Mr Brown wasn’t interested in science when he was young.
D.There was no school in Mr Brown’s hometown.
2.Bill can’t do his homework because .
A.his father wouldn’t help him
B.he doesn’t listen to his teachers
C.he doesn’t like studying D.he wants to drop maths
3.Bill cried to .
A.get his parents’ help B.go to bed earlier
C.get something to eat D.watch TV with his parents
4.The phrase “coax sb. out of crying” in the story means .
A.制止某人哭泣 B.惹得某人哭泣
C.阻止某人叫喊 D.哄某人停止哭泣
5. is good at maths in their family.
A.Bill B.Mr Brown C.Mrs Brown D.None
6.When he had a look at Bill’s exercise-book,Mr Brown was .
A.sorry B.happy C.worried D.sad
答案：
1.B
2.C
3.A
4.D
5.D
6.B
同等學(xué)力申碩英語(yǔ)閱讀理解習(xí)題與答案 4
Motorola set out a special training plan programme for children last week with the aim of developing children‘s business skills and preparing them for a future as entrepreneurs.
Eighty-seven children aged between 12 and 16 from Beijing and Tianjin attended the one-week training programme called ―Youth Discovery‖ directed by Motorola University‘s (MU) instructors and marketing specialists. The children learned about dealing with a practical problem-marketing and worked out a marketing plan by themselves. Last week 26 children of Motorola employees in Tianjin completed their training in the MU-Tianjin Learning Center.
Through the training programme, children learnt how to get information through different kinds of sources, determine end-user needs, make up messages of value to customers, and communicate using various means and equipment.
Educators acted only as team‖ directors‖ ,providing children to discover their own answers. The children gave their solutions to Motorola‘s management and their parents on the last day of the programme.
The children, most of whom were primary and middle school students, presented themselves freely.
The students said that they preferred the open and practical way of learning.
―Youth Discovery‖ ,started by Motorola‘s former president Robert Galvin, designed and carried out by Motorola University, aimed to bring the talents(才能) of young people into full play and encourraged them to discover how their skills can contribute to a team to help it reach an aim.
1.The underlined word‖ entrepreneurs‖ in the first paragraph probably means.______
A. schoolmasters B. actors C. managers D. scientists
2.Which statement is true according to the passage?
A. The instructors taught the students how to work out a marketing plan.
B. The programme was started, designed and carried out by Motorola University. C. The programme is very common in Tianjin
D. The programme aims at developing the children‘s ability to solve practical problems.
3.What role do the educators play in the programme?
A. Presidents. B. Directors. C. Businessmen. D. Employees.
4. ―Youth Discovery‖ is a great success because______.
A. its way agrees with children‘s characters of interest B. it‘s designed by Motorola University C. the children‘s parents took part in it
D. the children come from Beijing and Tianjin.
答案：CDBA
同等學(xué)力申碩英語(yǔ)閱讀理解習(xí)題與答案 5
Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 through 45.
Broadband technology is seen as the key to the new digital economy.
In this rapidly changing world, media and technology information Can be sent via phone calls and downloads like music, graphics, business information or films.
The simpler the information, the smaller the package and the narrower the bandwidth needed to deliver it.
Broadband is used for high speed Internet connections at a fixed monthly rate. It turns an exciting telephone line into a high speed digital line capable of carrying data up to 40 times conventional modem speeds.
Any download is available at the click of a mouse-there is no dial-up as there is with standard Internet Service Providers.
For home owners and families there are many advantages. One of the most important is simultaneous (同時(shí)的)access to both telephone lines and the Internet. No queses and no delay.
For businesses, broadband can impove customer relations and provide direct access to corporate e-malls and databases. Entire operations can go online.
1. The function that broadband technology has on the new digital economy is ________.
A) further
B) critical
C) costly
D) global
2. How much does a user pay if he has broadband technology installed?
A) It depends On the length of time.
B) It depends on the times of dial-up.
C) He pays at a fixed monthly rate.
D) He pays a lot of money.
3. Compared with the modem speed the broadband technology can transmit data ________.
A) at up to forty times of ordinary speed
B) much more faster
C) at a high speed
D) within a second
4. Who can take advantage of the broadband technology according to the passage?
A) Family members.
B) College students.
C) Both home owners and businessmen.
D) Only businessmen and their partners.
5. With the broadband technology companies can have all their operations done
A) during the work days.
B) during the whole week
C) online
D) offline
答案及精解
1.【答案精解】B。推理題。從文中Broadband technology is seen as the key to the new digital economy.寬帶技術(shù)被看作新數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)的`關(guān)鍵所在�？赏茢喑鰧拵Ъ夹g(shù)在新數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)中發(fā)揮了至關(guān)重要的作用。
2.【答案精解】C。細(xì)節(jié)題。從文章第三段句首Broadband is used for high speed Internet connections at a fixed monthly rate可以得出，使用者每月所付寬帶費(fèi)是固定的，即at a fixed monthly
rate。
3.【答案精解】A。細(xì)節(jié)題。從文章中...capable of carrying data up to 40 times conventional modem speeds得知新的傳播方式是通常的四十倍。
4.【答案精解】C。推理題。文章倒數(shù)第二段介紹了寬帶對(duì)家庭的好處，而文章倒數(shù)第一段介紹了寬帶對(duì)商務(wù)的好處，從而可以推出寬帶對(duì)家庭用戶和商務(wù)用戶都有利。
5.【答案精解】C。細(xì)節(jié)題。從文章最后一句Entire operations Can go online"整個(gè)操作都可在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行"一句即可得出答案
同等學(xué)力申碩英語(yǔ)閱讀理解習(xí)題與答案 6
The“V”Sign
The palm-forward“V”sign, formed by raising andspreading the first two fingers1 ,has three differentmeanings in American culture.The most popularmeaning of the“V”sign was invented in 1941 by aBelgian, Victor De Lavalaye. Wanting a symbol forresistance to the Nazi2 occupation, he came upwith the single letter“V”, which stood not only for hisown first name3, but also for English victory, Flemish virijheid, and French victoire. Thesymbolism of the sign spread very quickly, and Winston Churchill4 used it constantly in publicappearance. Thus throughout the 1940 s and 1950 s, the gesture meant simply“victory”.Thesecond meaning came in the 1960 s. Because of its military implication, Americanantiwarprotestors used the sign sarcastically against the arms, so that it became known as the“ peacesign”. In the 1970s, the“V”sign , which had lost its military implication, was a commongreeting among freedom lovers, acid heads5, political radicals, and ultimately, young people ingeneral. So by about the middle of the 1970s, it ceased to give clue to the user’s philosophy.The third meaning is the oldest and least common. American children jokingly put “V”, whichresembles“ horns”, behind friends’heads in group snapshots. The are unknowingly reproducingsomething that southern Europeans would find highly offensive. This mischief, called“horns ofthe Devil”, is a variant of the European“ horns”gesture, which is obscene. Here the“V”signmeans“Your wife has been cheating on you ”or, when placed behind another’s head,“His wifehas been cheating on him”. In the United States, the gesture is typically given with the palmfacing the viewer. The British use both this version and an older, palm-backward version; thelatter is obscene in American culture, and corresponds to the American“ finger”6 . Churchill gotsome surprised stares in 1941 when, evidently unaware of the vulgar usage, he gave thepalm-backward“V”to British troops. In England today you could have to be a social hermit notto understand the distinction. Astonishingly, however, Margaret Thatcher7 repeatedChurchill’s error after her victory in the 1979 election.
閱讀自測(cè)
�、�. Fill in the blanks with proper words :
American children______________________ (開(kāi)玩笑地) put“V”,which______________________ (類似)“ horns”,behind friends’heads in group ______________________(快照) . Theyare______________________ (無(wú)意中地) reproducing
something that southern Europeans would find highly______________________ (無(wú)禮的) .
This mischief, called“ horns of the Devil”, is a ______________________(變體) of theEuropean
“ horns”gesture, which is______________________ (淫穢的) .
Ⅱ. Exp lain the fo llowing phras es in bold typ e in yo ur own words :
1. If you kee p yo ur fin ge rs crossed , you ______________________.
2. If you are all fin ge rs a nd thumbs , you ______________________ .
3. If you ha ve a finger in every pie , you______________________ .
4. If you thumb a lift, you______________________.
參考答案
1. jokingly / resembles / snapshots / unknowingly /offensive / variant / obscene
2. 1. hope that something will happen the way youwant2. are clumsy or awkward with your hands
3. are involved in everything that is happening
4. try to get a free ride in a motor vehicle ; hitchhike
同等學(xué)力申碩英語(yǔ)閱讀理解習(xí)題與答案 7
Since I was 4，I have wanted to do everything and anything—from softball to soccer to basketball to flag football.All that changed in my sixth grade year when I tried out for Line Dance; I had finally found my passion(激情)．I danced all my life，so I wasnt nervous for this tryout(選拔賽)nor was it a problem for me. But as an eighth grader，at the end of the year，I walked into tryouts for Lincoln Line Dance.I was scared to death walking into a big school.So many unfamiliar faces were staring at me as I walked into the gym.It was the most busy and emotional threeday tryout of my life.Our instructor put us through a hard workout. My freshman year showed me being on Line Dance isnt as easy as it looked，but I prevailed.Our season ends in late May and starts in midJuly with preBand Camp and Band Camp.Throughout that year，we participate in competitions,10 parades and every field show for football season. Most importantly，we are also members of the Lincoln High School Concert Band，not to mention the threetofourhour heavy practices we have every week. Sometimes we even have two practices a day.When we are getting ready for competition，the practices double.
But all this work is worth it when we step on football field for the first football game，and see everyone in the stands.We forget how nervous we are.Seeing the little girls in the stands with their eyes glued to you，as you dance，saying they want to be just like you，makes everything worthwhile. When we have a bad performance，which sometimes we do，there are plenty of upset faces.We put our blood，sweat，and tears into dancing，and we love to hate it.Throughout the year，we 10 girls become like sisters.Like all sisters，we have our disagreements and quarrels.
1．The author was addicted to dance ________.
A．when she was about four years old
B．when she was over ten years old
C．when she gave up playing football
D．when she got to know Line Dance
答案：B
解析：推理判斷題。依據(jù)文章第一段的All that changed in my sixth grade year when I tried out for Line Dance可知，在六年級(jí)時(shí)作者的興趣發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變，此時(shí)大約十一二歲。A有一定干擾性，從Since I was 4，I have wanted to do everything and anything—from softball to soccer to basketball to flag football.可知，四歲的時(shí)候，作者對(duì)球類運(yùn)動(dòng)感興趣，而不是對(duì)舞蹈感興趣。
2．The author felt nervous and afraid because ________.
A．she attended the tryouts for Lincoln Line Dance
B．she had to start a new life in such a big school
C．she had to work with so many strange faces
D．she had a bad relation with her instructor
答案：C
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第二段的So many unfamiliar faces were staring at me as I walked into the gym.可知，這個(gè)陌生的環(huán)境使得作者感到害怕。
3．The underlined word “prevailed” in the passage means ________.
A．succeeded B．a(chǎn)dmitted
C．resisted D．controlled
答案：A
解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。依據(jù)文中的being on Line Dance isnt as easy as it looked可知，雖然并不容易，但是作者沒(méi)有氣餒。
4．What made the author feel excited is that ________.
A．she was allowed to participate in competitions
B．she was a member of the School Concert Band
C．she made her performance on the football field
D．she noticed that her team won the football game
答案：C
解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段的`首句可知，當(dāng)我們踏上足球比賽的場(chǎng)地，看到看臺(tái)上的人注視著我們時(shí)，我們覺(jué)得所有這些工作都是值得的。
同等學(xué)力申碩英語(yǔ)閱讀理解習(xí)題與答案 8
For centuries, in the countries of south and Southeast Asia the elephant has been an intimate part of the culture, economy and religion, and nowhere more so than in Thailand. Unlike its African cousin, the Asian elephant is easily domesticated (馴化). The rare so-called white elephants have actually lent the authority of kingship to its rulers and until the 1920s the national flag was a white elephant on a red background.To the early Western visitors the country’s romantic name was “Land of the White Elephant”.
Today, however, the story is very different. Out of work and out of land, the Thai elephant struggles for survival in a nation that no longer needs it. The elephant has found itself more or less abandoned by previous owners who have moved on to a different economic world and a westernized society. And while the elephant’s problems began many years ago, now it rates a very low national priority.
How this reversal from national icon (圣像) to neglected animal came about is a tale of worsening environmental and the changing lives of the Thais themselves. According to Richard Lair, Thailand’s experts on the Asian elephant and author of the report Gone Astray, at the turn of the century there may well have beenas many as 100,000 domestic elephants in the country. In the north of Thailand alone it was estimated that more than 20,000 elephants were employed in transport, 1,000 of them alone on the road between the cities of Chiang Mai and Chiang Saen. This was at a time when 90 per cent of Thailand was still forest—a habitat (棲息地) that not only supported the animals but also made them necessary to carry goods and people. Nothing ploughs through dense forest better than a massive but sure-footed elephant.
By 1950 the elephant population had dropped to a still substantial 13,397, but today there are probably nomore than 3,800, with another 1,350 roaming free in the national parks. But now, Thailand’s forest coversonly 20 per cent of the land. This deforestaation (采伐森林) is the central point of the elephant’s difficult situation, for it has effectively put the animals out of work. This century, as the road network grew, so the elephant’s role as a beast of burden declined.
練習(xí)題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. What can we know about African elephants from the passage?
A. It is easy to tame them.
B. It is hard to tame them.
C. They are living a bett
同等學(xué)力申碩英語(yǔ)閱讀理解習(xí)題與答案 9
I’m usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today’s children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.
Why are America’s kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation—brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other things—and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place.
Given that we can’t turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope.
At the top of the list is nurturing (培育) a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress.
To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep.
Limit the amount of virtual (虛擬的) violence your children are exposed to. It’s not just video games andmovies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news.
Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale.
Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties and provide a goodmodel for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn’t have to ruin your life.
練習(xí)題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people’s state of mind are ________.
A. surprising
B. confusing
C. illogical
D. questionable
2. What does the author mean when he says, “we can’t turn the clock back” (Line 1, Para. 3)?
A. It’s impossible to slow down the pace of change.
B. The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.
C. Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.
D. It’s impossible to forget the past.
3.According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentallyill 50 years ago ________.
A. were less isolated physically
B. were probably less self-centered
C. probably suffered less from anxiety
D. were considered less individualistic
4.The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is ______
A. to provide them with a safer environment
B. to lower their expectations for them
C. to get them more involved socially
D. to set a good model for them to follow
5.What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
A. Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with.
B. Children’s anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.
C. Children’s anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.
D. Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature.
1.[D] 題目中的people’s state of mind就是本文第1句中either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves。而對(duì)于這種研究，作者開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山地表明自己的態(tài)度是skeptical懷疑的，因此該研究結(jié)論是questionable “可疑的”，故選D。
2.[B] 第3段說(shuō)“雖然我們無(wú)法使時(shí)光倒流,但是我們成年人還是可以做很多事情來(lái)幫助下一代，使他們可以妥善應(yīng)對(duì)”所以，“使時(shí)光倒流”實(shí)質(zhì)上是改變孩子們現(xiàn)在所生活的環(huán)境，正確答案為B。
3.[C] 只要讀懂第1段最后一句的比較結(jié)構(gòu):該分析顯示，現(xiàn)在9到17歲的`普通兒童比50年前接受精神病治療的兒童所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的焦慮不安程度還要高,此題答案就一目了然，即選C。
4.[C] 根據(jù)第4段開(kāi)頭的At the top of the list可知答案可在該段中尋得。由該段最后一句“加強(qiáng)社會(huì)聯(lián)系有助于社區(qū)的建設(shè),也有助于使個(gè)人免受壓力的侵?jǐn)_”可知正確答案為C。
5.[A] 根據(jù)文章最后兩句“有時(shí)候焦慮是難免的,但它并不是非要?dú)У裟愕纳畈豢伞笨芍狝說(shuō)法與之相符，故選A。
同等學(xué)力申碩英語(yǔ)閱讀理解習(xí)題與答案 10
In the world ,soccer of football is the most popular sport. This is because many countries have wonderful teams for the World Cup. The World Cup is held every four years.
To remember 2002 FIFA World Cup ,children from different countries and more than 60 children from Japanese schools came together and spent three weekends drawing a big picture called"Dream(夢(mèng)幻) World Cups"in Japan .The children drew animals, flowers and people playing soccer under a bule bright sky. They wished each football team good luck by drawing the flags(旗幟)of all the countries that will take part in the World Cup in Japan and South Korea.The picture was put up in a park near a playground in Yokohama .Some football teams will have games there.
Are you a football fan(迷)?The World Cup makeds more and more people interested in football Teenagers(青少年)like playing and watching football .Many of them love some football stars so much that they get the pictures of their favourite players on the walls of their rooms. That is the way to show their love for the World Cup as children in Japan.
1.If a country wants to take part in the World Cup ,she must have______.
A.Many football fans B.a very good team
C.many football player D.a big playground
2.The next World Cup will be held in_______.
A.2006 B.2007
C.2005 D.2004
3.From the passage ,in the picture children drew many things except_________.
A. people playing football B. pictures of some football stars
C. a sunny sky D. flowers
4.In"Dream World Cup",the children drew the flags of some countries______.
A. to show their love for their owe country
B. to tell the people their stories
C. to show their good wishes for the football teams
D. to show their new ideas about football
5.Many teenagers owe the pictures of some football stars because______.
A. they are interested in football
B. they are football fans
C. they think their favourite players are great
D. all of A,B and C
參考答案:BAABD
同等學(xué)力申碩英語(yǔ)閱讀理解習(xí)題與答案 11
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.
You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Addicted, Really?
A. Mental-health specialists disagree over whether to classify compulsive online behaviour as addiction---and how to treat it. Craig Smallwood, a disabled American war veteran, spent more than 20,000 hours over five years playing an online role-playing game called "Lineage II". When NCsoft, the South Korean firm behind the game, accused him of breaking the games rules and banned him, he was plunged into depression, severe paranoia (偏執(zhí)) and hallucinations (幻想). He spent three weeks in hospital. After that, he sued NCsoft for fraud and negligence (過(guò)失 ), demanding over $ 9m in damages and claiming that the company acted negligently by failing to warn him of the danger that he would become "addicted" to the game.
B. But does it make sense to talk of addiction to online activity? Mental-health specialists say three online behaviors can become problematic for many people: video games, pornography ( 色情作品 ) and messaging via e-mail and social networks. But there is far less agreement about whether any of this should be called "Internet addiction"--or how to treat it.
C. Some mental-health specialists wanted "Internet addiction" to be included in the fifth version of psychiatrys bible, the"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders", known as DSM-V, which is currently being overhauled (全面修訂). The American Medical Association endorsed (贊成) the idea in 2007, only to backtrack( 放棄) days later. The American Journal of Psychiatry called Internet addiction a &;quot;common disorder" and supported its recognition. Last year the DSM-V drafting group made its decision: lnteruet addiction would not be included as a "behavioral addiction"--only gambling made the cut--but it said further study was necessary.
D. Skeptics say there is nothing uniquely addictive about the Internet. Back in 2000, Joseph Walther, a communications professor at Michigan State University, co-wrote an article in which he suggested, tongue in cheek, that the criteria used to call someone an Internet addict might also show that most professors were "addicted" to academia (學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)). He argued that other factors, such as depression, are the real problem.
He stands by that view today. "No scientific evidence has emerged to suggest that lnternet use is a cause rather than a consequence of some other sort of issue," he says. "Focusing on and treating people for Internet addiction, rather than looking for underlying clinical issues, is definitely unwise."
E. Others disagree. "That would be wrong," says Kimberly Young, a researcher and therapist who has worked on Interact addiction since 1994. She insists that the Internet, with its powerfully immersive environments, creates new problems that people must learn to navigate(應(yīng)對(duì)). Otherwise, the changing lifestyle will affect the development of the society.
F.No one disputes that online habits can turn toxic. Take South Korea, where widespread broadband means that the average high-school student plays video games for 23 hours each week. In 2007 the government estimated that around 210,000 children needed treatment for Internet addiction. In 2010 newspapers around the globe carried the story of a South Korean couple who fed their infant daughter so little that she starved to death. Instead of caring for the child, the couple spent most nights at an Internet cafe, sinking hours into a role- playing game in which they raised, fed and cared for a virtual daughter. And several South Korean men have died from exhaustion after marathon, multi-day gaming sessions.
G. The South Korean government has since asked game developers to adopt a gaming curfew (宵禁) for children, to prevent them playing between midnight and 8 a.m. At the same time, it has also opened more than 100 clinics for Internet addiction and sponsored an "Internet rescue camp" for serious cases.
H. But compulsive behaviour is not limited to garners. E-mail or web-use behaviours can also show signs of addiction. Getting through a business lunch in which no one pulls out a phone to check their messages now counts as a minor miracle in many quarters. A deluge (泛濫) of self-help books, most recently "Alone Together" by Sherry Turlde, a social scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, offer advice on how to unplug (去除障礙).
I.Pornography is hardly new, either, but the Internet makes accessing it much easier than ever before. When something can be summoned in an instant via broadband, whether it is a game world, an e-mail inbox or pornographic material, it is harder to resist. New services lead to new complaints. When online auction sites first became popular, talk of "eBay addiction" soon followed. Dr. Young says women complain to her now about addiction to Facebook--or even to "FarmVille", a game playable only within Facebook.
J.Treatment centres have popped up around the world with the popularity of online games. In 2006 Amsterdams Smith &; Jones facility billed itself as "the first and, currently, the only residential video-game treatment program in the world". In America the reSTART Internet Addiction Recovery Program claims to treat Internet addiction, gaming addiction, and even "texting addiction". In China, meanwhile, military-style "boot camps" are the preferred way to treat Internet problems.
K. Yet many people like feeling permanently connected. As Arikia Millikan, an American blogger, once put it, "If I could be jacked in at every waking hour of the day, I would, and I think a lot of my peers would do the, same." Bob LaRose, an Internet specialist at Michigan State University, doesnt believe her. In his research on college students, he found that most sense when they are "going overboard and restore self-control". Less than1% have a pathological(病態(tài)的) problem, he adds. For most people, Internet use "is just a habit--and one that brings us pleasure."
46. According to Joseph Walther, it is unwise to emphasize the treatment of Internet addiction instead of seeking for potential clinical issues.
47. As online games become popular, treatment centres have sprung up all over the world.
48. After playing online games continuously for days, several South Korean men were exhausted to death.
49. Smallwood sued NCsoft and claimed a huge compensation for fraud and its negligence of warning him of the danger of game addiction.
50. In South Korea, a gaming curfew for children was adopted to prevent children playing after midnight.
5l. Internet addiction still needs to be further studied though the DSM-V did not categorize it as a "behavioral addiction".
52. An lnternet specialist found that most college students could realize when they are going too far and restore self-control.
53. According to mental-health specialists, for many people, video games, pornography and messaging via e-mail and social networks can become problematic online behaviors.
54. People regard it as a small miracle if nobody takes out a phone to read the messages at a business lunch.
55. Kimberly Young insists that people must learn to deal with new problems brought about by the Interact.
【參考譯文】
真的是“上癮”嗎
A.強(qiáng)迫性的上網(wǎng)行為是否屬于成癮行為，又該如何治療，心理健康專家對(duì)此意見(jiàn)不一。Craig Smallwood是美國(guó)的一位傷殘退伍軍人。五年間，他花了兩萬(wàn)多小時(shí)玩一個(gè)名為“天堂Ⅱ”的在線角色扮演類游戲。當(dāng)該游戲的開(kāi)發(fā)商，韓國(guó)NCsoft公司指責(zé)Craig違反游戲規(guī)則，并將他的游戲賬號(hào)封停時(shí)，他突然陷入抑郁及嚴(yán)重的偏執(zhí)和幻想之中。[49]他到醫(yī)院接受了三周的治療。在這之后，smanwood以欺詐和過(guò)失為由控告Ncsoft公司，聲稱該公司沒(méi)有告誡他該游戲的“網(wǎng)癮”危害，要求獲得900多萬(wàn)美元的賠償金。
B.但是上網(wǎng)是否屬于一種成癮的行為呢?[53]心理健康專家認(rèn)為有三種網(wǎng)絡(luò)行為對(duì)很多人來(lái)說(shuō)可能是問(wèn)題性的(即容易停不下來(lái))：玩電子游戲、瀏覽色情作品以及通過(guò)電子郵件和社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)收發(fā)信息。然而，關(guān)于這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)行為是否能被稱為“網(wǎng)癮”，又該如何治療，專家們遠(yuǎn)未達(dá)成一致。
C.一些心理健康專家希望將“網(wǎng)癮”列入新近正在全面修訂的第五版精神病學(xué)的圣經(jīng)——《精神疾病診斷與統(tǒng)計(jì)手冊(cè)》(即第五版DSM)中。2007年，美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)曾一度贊成這一想法，但數(shù)天之后卻改變了態(tài)度�！睹绹�(guó)精神病學(xué)雜志》將網(wǎng)癮稱作一種“常見(jiàn)疾病”，并主張予以認(rèn)定。[51]去年，第五版《精神疾病診斷與統(tǒng)計(jì)手冊(cè)》編撰小塑決定，網(wǎng)癮將不會(huì)被劃入“行為成癮”范疇——只有賭博行為被劃入此列—二但是有必要對(duì)網(wǎng)癮進(jìn)一步展開(kāi)研究。
D.持懷疑態(tài)度的人認(rèn)為，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)并沒(méi)有讓人上癮的特性。早在2000年，美國(guó)密歇根州立大學(xué)傳播學(xué)教授Joseph Walther就曾在與他人合作的一篇文章中頗具諷刺性地寫道，用來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)某人是“網(wǎng)絡(luò)狂”的那個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或許也顯示了大多數(shù)的教授都是“學(xué)術(shù)狂”。Walther教授認(rèn)為，諸如抑郁等其他因素才是真正的問(wèn)題所在。他至今仍堅(jiān)持這種觀點(diǎn)。他說(shuō)：“尚無(wú)科學(xué)依據(jù)證實(shí)網(wǎng)癮是由于使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，而不是由其他因素造成的。[46]如果只是關(guān)注和治療上網(wǎng)成癮，而不去尋找潛藏的臨床問(wèn)題，這絕對(duì)是不明智的�！�
E.也有人反對(duì)這種說(shuō)法。自1994年便開(kāi)始研究網(wǎng)癮的研究員、心理治療師KimbertyYoung表示：“那種說(shuō)法可能有誤�！盵55]Young強(qiáng)調(diào)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境具有強(qiáng)大的吸引力，人們必須學(xué)會(huì)應(yīng)對(duì)由其引發(fā)的新問(wèn)題。否則，不斷變化的生活方式將會(huì)影響社會(huì)的發(fā)展。
F.沒(méi)有人質(zhì)疑習(xí)慣性上網(wǎng)會(huì)對(duì)人有害(這個(gè)事實(shí))。以韓國(guó)為例，寬帶的普及導(dǎo)致韓國(guó)的高中生平均每周玩23個(gè)小時(shí)的電子游戲。2007年，韓國(guó)政府估計(jì)有近21萬(wàn)的.兒童需要接受網(wǎng)癮治療。2010年全球的報(bào)紙都報(bào)道了一則新聞，即一對(duì)韓國(guó)夫妻因喂養(yǎng)不足導(dǎo)致女嬰被餓死。這對(duì)夫妻不照顧現(xiàn)實(shí)中的親生女兒，卻大多數(shù)夜晚都泡在網(wǎng)吧里，沉浸在一個(gè)在線喂養(yǎng)和照顧虛擬女兒的角色扮演游戲中。[48]另外，還有幾名韓國(guó)男性多日持續(xù)沉浸于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲，因疲勞過(guò)度而死亡。
G.[50]此后，韓國(guó)政府要求游戲開(kāi)發(fā)商對(duì)兒童采取網(wǎng)游宵禁，禁止他們?cè)谖缫沟皆绯?點(diǎn)之間玩游戲。同時(shí)，政府還開(kāi)設(shè)了100家網(wǎng)癮治療診所，并資助了針對(duì)嚴(yán)重病例開(kāi)辦的“網(wǎng)癮拯救營(yíng)”。
H.但強(qiáng)迫性上網(wǎng)行為并不僅僅局限于網(wǎng)游玩家。使用電子郵件和瀏覽網(wǎng)頁(yè)也可能表現(xiàn)出上癮的跡象。[54]如果在一次商業(yè)午餐中，沒(méi)有人拿出手機(jī)查看信息，那么在許多人看來(lái)這都算是個(gè)小小的奇跡�，F(xiàn)在有許多“自救”書籍，例如美國(guó)麻省理工學(xué)院的社會(huì)學(xué)家Sherry Turkle最近就出版了一本新書《一起孤獨(dú)》，書中為如何擺脫網(wǎng)癮提供了建議。
I.色情作品由來(lái)已久，但是網(wǎng)絡(luò)讓人們比以往更容易接觸到色情資源。無(wú)論是游戲還是電子郵件，或是色情資源，只要是能夠通過(guò)寬帶網(wǎng)絡(luò)立刻獲得的東西，人們就很難抵擋其誘惑。新型服務(wù)會(huì)滋生新的問(wèn)題。自網(wǎng)上拍賣網(wǎng)站開(kāi)始流行后，不久“eBay上癮”的說(shuō)法就隨之而來(lái)。Young醫(yī)生表示，現(xiàn)在有很多女性向她訴苦，因?yàn)镕acebook或只能在Facebook上玩的“開(kāi)心農(nóng)場(chǎng)”游戲讓她們非常上癮。
J.[47]墮著網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的流行，治療中心在全球如雨后春筍般出現(xiàn)。2006年，位于阿姆斯特丹的史密斯與瓊斯治療中心成立，并自稱為“目前世界上第一家、也是唯一一家寄宿式電子游戲癮治療中心”。美國(guó)reSTART網(wǎng)癮康復(fù)項(xiàng)目聲稱能治療網(wǎng)癮、游戲癮，甚至還有“短信癮”。在中國(guó)，軍事化管理的“訓(xùn)練營(yíng)”成為了治療網(wǎng)癮的主要方式。
K.然而許多人喜歡保持在線的感覺(jué)。美國(guó)的一位博主ArikiaMillikan曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)：“如果可以的話，我愿意在我醒著的每時(shí)每刻都在線，我相信我的很多同齡人也會(huì)這么做。”然而，美國(guó)密歇根州立大學(xué)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)專家BobLaRose對(duì)此表示懷疑。[52]在他對(duì)大學(xué)生展開(kāi)的一項(xiàng)研究中，LaRose發(fā)現(xiàn)他們中的大多數(shù)人一旦感覺(jué)自己玩得太過(guò)火，就會(huì)恢復(fù)自控。LaRose還表示，只有不到1%的人會(huì)出現(xiàn)病態(tài)問(wèn)題。對(duì)于大部分人來(lái)說(shuō)，使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)“只是一種習(xí)慣——并且是一種能夠帶來(lái)快樂(lè)的習(xí)慣”。
【答案解析】
46.D
解析：題干意為，根據(jù)JosephWalther所說(shuō)，只關(guān)注對(duì)上網(wǎng)成癮的治療，而不尋找其潛在的臨床問(wèn)題，這是不明智的。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息Joseph Walther、unwise、instead of和potential clinicalissues，文中論及JosephWalther教授觀點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在D段，該段倒數(shù)第二句提到，Walther教授認(rèn)為尚無(wú)科學(xué)依據(jù)證實(shí)網(wǎng)癮是由于使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，而不是由其他因素造成的。該段最后一句則提到，Walther教授認(rèn)為，如果只是關(guān)注和治療上網(wǎng)成癮，而不去尋找潛藏的臨床問(wèn)題，這絕對(duì)是不明智的。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為D。
47.J
解析：題干意為，隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲變得流行，治療中心在全球各地不斷涌現(xiàn)。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息online games、popular和treatment centres。文中論及全球涌現(xiàn)治療中心的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在J段，該段首句提到，隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的流行，治療中心在全球如雨后春筍般出現(xiàn)。其中，題干中的spring up對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的popup，由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為J。
48.F
解析：題干意為，在數(shù)日不間斷地玩網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲之后，幾名韓國(guó)男性因精疲力竭而死。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息several South Korean men和exhausted。文中論及韓國(guó)人受到網(wǎng)癮危害的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在F段，該段第一句提到人們一致認(rèn)為上網(wǎng)成癮對(duì)人有害。該段最后一句則提到了幾名韓國(guó)男性多日持續(xù)沉浸于網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲，因疲勞過(guò)度而死亡的例子。由此可知，題于是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為F。
49.A
解析：題干意為，Smallwood以欺詐和疏于告知其可能游戲成癮的罪名控告NCsoft公司，并索取巨額的賠償。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息Smallwood、NCsoft和fraudanditsnegligence。文中論及Smallwood的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在A段，該段提到，Craig SmMlwood因違反游戲規(guī)則，被游戲開(kāi)發(fā)商韓國(guó)NCsoft公司封停了游戲賬號(hào)，為此他極度抑郁，并陷入嚴(yán)重的偏執(zhí)和幻想中。該段最后一句提到，Smallwoo以欺詐和過(guò)失為由控告NCsoft公司，聲稱該公司沒(méi)有告誡他該游戲的“網(wǎng)癮”危害，要求獲得900多萬(wàn)美元的賠償金。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為A。
50.G
解析：題干意為，在韓國(guó)實(shí)行了網(wǎng)游宵禁，以阻止兒童在午夜之后繼續(xù)玩網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息SouthKorea和gaming curfew。文中論及韓國(guó)實(shí)行網(wǎng)游宵禁的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在G段，該段第一句提到，韓國(guó)政府要求游戲開(kāi)發(fā)商對(duì)兒童采取網(wǎng)游宵禁，禁止他們?cè)谖缫沟皆绯?點(diǎn)之間玩游戲。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為G。
51.C
解析：題干意為，盡管第五版的《精神疾病診斷與統(tǒng)計(jì)手冊(cè)》沒(méi)有將網(wǎng)癮歸為“行為成癮”，但是這種現(xiàn)象仍然需要進(jìn)一步研究。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息lntemet addiction、further studied和behavioraladdiction。文中論及第五版的《精神疾病診斷與統(tǒng)計(jì)手冊(cè)》如何界定網(wǎng)癮的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在c段。該段最后一句提到，去年，第五版《精神疾病診斷與統(tǒng)計(jì)手冊(cè)》編撰小組決定，網(wǎng)癮將不會(huì)被劃入“行為成癮”范疇——只有賭博行為被劃入此列——但是有必要對(duì)網(wǎng)癮進(jìn)一步展開(kāi)研究。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為C。
52.K
解析：題干意為，一位互聯(lián)網(wǎng)專家發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)學(xué)生在意識(shí)到自己玩得太過(guò)火后，就會(huì)恢復(fù)自控。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息college students和restore self-control。文中論及大學(xué)生可以自控上網(wǎng)行為的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在K段，該段第四句提到，在對(duì)大學(xué)生展開(kāi)的一項(xiàng)研究中，BobLaRose發(fā)現(xiàn)他們中的大多數(shù)人一旦感覺(jué)自己玩得太過(guò)火，就會(huì)恢復(fù)自控。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為K。
53.B
解析：題干意為，根據(jù)心理健康專家所說(shuō)，對(duì)于很多人來(lái)說(shuō)，玩電子游戲、瀏覽色情作品以及通過(guò)電子郵件和社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)收發(fā)信息這三種網(wǎng)絡(luò)行為可能會(huì)成為問(wèn)題。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息mental-healthspecialists、video games、pornography and messagin9和problematic。文中論及這一事實(shí)的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在B段，該段第二句提到，心理健康專家認(rèn)為有三種網(wǎng)絡(luò)行為對(duì)很多人來(lái)說(shuō)可能是問(wèn)題性的(即容易停不下來(lái))：玩電子游戲、瀏覽色情作品以及通過(guò)電子郵件和社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)收發(fā)信息。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為B。
54.H
解析：題干意為，在許多人看來(lái)，如果在一次商業(yè)午餐中，沒(méi)有人拿出手機(jī)查看信息，那這簡(jiǎn)直是一個(gè)小的奇跡。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息miracle、a phone和a business lunch。文中論及商業(yè)午餐的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在H段。該段第三句提到，如果在一次商業(yè)午餐中，沒(méi)有人拿出手機(jī)查看信息，那么在許多人看來(lái)這都算是個(gè)小小的奇跡。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為H。
55.E
解析：題干意為，KimbedyYoung強(qiáng)調(diào)人們必須學(xué)會(huì)應(yīng)對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)引發(fā)的新問(wèn)題。注意抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵信息Kimberly Young insists、new problems和the Intemet。文中論及Kimberly Young相關(guān)觀點(diǎn)的內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在E段，該段第三句提到，Youn9強(qiáng)調(diào)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境具有強(qiáng)大的吸引力，人們必須學(xué)會(huì)應(yīng)對(duì)由其引發(fā)的新問(wèn)題。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為E。
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