介詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

　　定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句跟在一名詞或代詞后(先行詞)進(jìn)行修飾限定，就叫做定語(yǔ)從句。在主句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)成分。被修飾的詞叫先行詞。下面小編為大家?guī)��?lái)介詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，僅供參考，希望能夠幫到大家。

　　介詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

　　要掌握"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，我們要注意以下五點(diǎn)：

　　1.某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。

　　例如：

　　This is the house in which I lived two years ago. →This is the house where I lived two years ago. 這就是我兩年以前住過(guò)的那間房子。

　　Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? →Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 你還記得你加入我們俱樂(lè)部的那一天嗎?

　　2. “介詞 + which / whom ”構(gòu)成的定語(yǔ)從句。

　　介詞后只能用which / whom，不用who / that，但當(dāng)介詞放在后面時(shí)，在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，可用that代替which / whom，并且that可省略。在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中只能用關(guān)系代詞which / whom。例如：

　　我向你請(qǐng)教的那個(gè)問(wèn)題現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)解決了。

　　【誤】The problem about that I consulted you has now been solved. (錯(cuò))

　　【正】 The problem about which I consulted you has now been solved. (對(duì))

　　【正】The problem I consulted you about has now been solved. (對(duì))

　　3. “名詞+ 介詞+which / whom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

　　例如：

　　We had a meeting the purpose of which was completely unclear. 我們開(kāi)了一個(gè)會(huì)，會(huì)議的內(nèi)容還不完全清楚。

　　He mentioned a book of which the title has slipped my memory. 他提到了一本書(shū)，可是書(shū)名我記不起來(lái)了。

　　4. 在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中of which / whom 可用來(lái)修飾不定代詞 all, each, one, many, much, more, most, any, some, a few, a little, none, both, several, enough the latter, the former等。

　　例如：

　　There are 103 elements found in nature, most of which are metals.自然界中發(fā)現(xiàn)了103種金屬元素，大都是金屬。

　　We are all familiar with flashlights, portable radios and car lighting systems, all of which use batteries as their source power. 我們所熟悉的手電筒，袖珍收音機(jī)和汽車照明系統(tǒng)，他們都是用蓄電池作為電源的。

　　5. “介詞+ which +名詞 ”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

　　which是一個(gè)代表所有關(guān)系的關(guān)系代詞，可用來(lái)代表一個(gè)名詞/代詞或句子的一部分，但更多地是來(lái)代表整個(gè)句子。其中的名詞通常是一個(gè)抽象名詞，如：case, fact, state, time, point等。例如：

　　He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him. 他可能要遲到，因此我們應(yīng)該等他。

　　He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home. 他發(fā)脾氣了，這時(shí)我決定回家。

　　由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句用法

　　1. 由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句主要用于正式文體，在非正式文體中通常將介詞放至句末。如：This is the man to whom I referred. 我指的就是這個(gè)人。This is the man (whom) I referred to. 我指的就是這個(gè)人。

　　2. 直接用于介詞后作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞which不能換成that，直接用于介詞后作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞whom不能換成who。但若介詞用于句末，則用作賓語(yǔ)的which, whom也可換成that, who，或者省略不同。如：這是一個(gè)我們討論了許多的問(wèn)題。This is a subject about which we have talked a lot.(which不能換成that，也不能省略)This is a subject which we have talked about a lot. 這是一個(gè)我們討論了許多的問(wèn)題。(which可以換成that，也可以省略)

　　3. 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why根據(jù)情況有時(shí)可換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which”。如： That is the day when [=on which] he was born. 那就是他出生的日子。That is the house where [=in which] he lived. 那就是他住過(guò)的房子。That is the reason why [=for which] he must apologize. 那就是他必須道歉的原因。

　　4. 在很正式的文體中，“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可緊縮成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：在那兒孩子們有個(gè)玩耍的花園。正：There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)正：There the children had a garden in which they could play. (較正式)正：There the children had a garden to play in. (較口語(yǔ)化)注：這類“介詞+關(guān)系代詞++不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞不能沒(méi)有，也不能放在句末。如不能說(shuō)There the children had a garden which to play in.

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